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Magazines featuring 2025 Polish presidential candidates Rafal Trzaskowski (L) and Karol Nawrocki (R) are displayed at a Warsaw kiosk on May 19, a day after the first round of voting. Trzaskowski, the pro-EU mayor, will face nationalist historian Nawrocki in the June 1 runoff, as exit polls show record gains for the far-right.

By Konstanty Gebert, Project Syndicate | May 28, 2025

The presidential election has more than symbolic significance. Given the president’s robust veto power, the outcome is likely to determine whether Poland remains on the liberal, pro-European path it took in 2023, or begins backsliding toward right-wing populism.

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