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Close-up of phone screen displaying Anthropic Claude, a Large Language Model (LLM) powered generative artificial intelligence chatbot, Lafayette, California, June 27, 2024. Photo by Smith Collection/Gado/Getty Images.

By Ngaire Woods, Project Syndicate | August 29, 2025

While large language models like ChatGPT can impress with their speed and fluency, relying on them too heavily can make us slower, duller, and less able to think for ourselves. To keep up with technological progress, we must embrace the cognitive friction that fosters critical thinking.

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