Nobel Prize In Medicine Goes To Trio Who Solved Key Immune System Mystery

The 2025 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to Mary E. Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell, and Dr. Shimon Sakaguchi for groundbreaking research that revealed how the immune system prevents attacks on the body’s own tissues.

Their work uncovered a mechanism known as peripheral immune tolerance, centered on regulatory T cells and the Foxp3 gene, which helps control overactive immune responses.

BREAKING NEWS
The 2025 #NobelPrize in Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Mary E. Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell and Shimon Sakaguchi “for their discoveries concerning peripheral immune tolerance.” pic.twitter.com/nhjxJSoZEr

— The Nobel Prize (@NobelPrize) October 6, 2025

The discovery, first made in mice and later confirmed in humans, has reshaped immunology and advanced understanding of autoimmune diseases such as Type 1 diabetes, lupus, and rheumatoid arthritis.

2025 Nobel Prize laureate in physiology or medicine Mary E. Brunkow was born in 1961.

She received her Ph.D. from @Princeton University, Princeton, USA. She is currently senior program manager at the @isbsci in Seattle, USA.https://t.co/yVvima6BHW#NobelPrize pic.twitter.com/fryGuLrshV

— The Nobel Prize (@NobelPrize) October 6, 2025

This year’s medicine laureate Fred Ramsdell was born in 1960.

He received his Ph.D. in 1987 from @UCLA, Los Angeles, USA. He is currently a scientific advisor at @sonomabio in San Francisco, USA.https://t.co/0tgOr2wZbr #NobelPrize pic.twitter.com/GJLcXd8ofC

— The Nobel Prize (@NobelPrize) October 6, 2025

Shimon Sakaguchi – awarded this year’s medicine prize – was born in 1951.

He received his M.D. in 1976 from @KyotoU_News, Japan and a Ph.D. in 1983 from the same university. He is a distinguished professor at the Immunology Frontier Research Center in Osaka University, Japan.… pic.twitter.com/nOcGUX0bkP

— The Nobel Prize (@NobelPrize) October 6, 2025

Experts say the findings could pave the way for better treatments and improved organ transplant outcomes.

“A fundamental discovery about the principle that keeps our immune system in check.”

After the announcement of this year's Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Professor Rickard Sandberg, member of the Nobel Committee, spoke about the importance of the laureates' research.… pic.twitter.com/cykVA325Ls

— The Nobel Prize (@NobelPrize) October 6, 2025

“The dog is a bit confused about what’s going on.”

New medicine laureate Mary Brunkow was caught off guard this morning when she discovered she had been awarded the 2025 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.

When we talked to her after she heard the news her surprise was… pic.twitter.com/0RxmjYruLk

— The Nobel Prize (@NobelPrize) October 6, 2025

The three laureates—two Americans and one Japanese—were honored by the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm.

Say good morning to our new medicine laureate Mary Brunkow! 🎉

This photo was taken by Brunkow's husband Ross Colquhoun at 4:30 in the morning, just after she had received the news. pic.twitter.com/IbqXO28oC7

— The Nobel Prize (@NobelPrize) October 6, 2025

The Nobel Committee praised their work as “decisive” in explaining how immune balance is maintained. The award ceremony will take place on December 10.

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